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Hitchens's razor is an epistemological razor which asserts that the burden of proof in a debate (the onus) lies with whomever makes the (greater) claim; if this burden is not then met, the claim is unfounded and its opponents do not need to argue against it. It is named, echoing Occam's razor, for the journalist and writer Christopher Hitchens, who, in 2003, formulated it thus:〔, ("Mommie Dearest" – slate.com ). October 20, 2003.〕〔, ''God Is Not Great: How Religion Poisons Everything'' (2007) p.150. Twelve Books, New York.〕 "What can be asserted without evidence can be dismissed without evidence." Hitchens's razor is actually a translation of the Latin proverb "Quod gratis asseritur, gratis negatur",〔, ''The Routledge Dictionary of Latin Quotations'' (2005), p. 101.〕 which has been widely used at least since the early 19th century,〔e.g. ''The Classical Journal'', Vol. 40 (1829), (p. 312 ).〕 but Hitchens's English rendering of the phrase has made it more widely known in the 21st century. It is used, for example, to counter presuppositional apologetics. This quotation appears by itself in ''God Is Not Great: How Religion Poisons Everything'', a book by Hitchens published in 2007.〔https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Christopher_Hitchens〕 Writer Richard Dawkins, also an atheist, formulated a different version of the same law at a TED conference in February 2002:〔, (Militant Atheism ), ted.com, February 2002.〕 "The onus is on you to say why; the onus is not on the rest of us to say why not." Dawkins used his version to argue against agnosticism, which he described as "poor" in comparison to atheism,〔, "The Poverty of Agnosticism" in: ''The God Delusion'' (2006). Bantam Books, London.〕 because it refuses to judge on claims that are, even though not wholly falsifiable, extremely unlikely to be true. == See also == *Alder's razor *Evil God Challenge *Falsifiability *"Extraordinary claims require extraordinary evidence" *Hanlon's razor *List of eponymous laws *Occam's razor *Razor (philosophy) *Russell's teapot *''The Demon-Haunted World'' 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Hitchens's razor」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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